Turbulence

1 Introduction.- 2 Equations of motion.- 2.1 incompressible flow.- 2.2 the Boussinesq approximation.- 2.3 coordinate system.- 3 Stability and Transition.- 3.1 stability analysis.- 3.2 Kelvin-Helmholtz instability.- 3.3 Rayleigh stability criterion.- 3.4 stability of a one-dimensional flow.- 3.5 routes to chaos.- 4 The characteristics of turbulence.- 4.1 the Burgers equation.- 4.2 phenomenology.- 4.3 experimental and numerical methods.- 5 Statistical description of turbulence.- 5.1 statistics.- 5.2 stationarity and homogeneity.- 5.3 the Reynolds equations.- 5.4 kinetic theory of momentum transfer.- 6 Turbulent flows.- 6.1 channel flow.- 6.2 mean velocity profile.- 6.3 scaling of turbulent wall flows.- 6.4 wall roughness.- 6.5 pressure gradient.- 6.6 free turbulent flows.- 6.7 the free jet.- 7 Kinetic energy.- 7.1 kinetic energy of the mean flow.- 7.2 kinetic energy of turbulence.- 7.3 Prandtl's one-equation model.- 7.4 energy equation per component.- 7.5 convective turbulence.- 7.6 the convective boundary layer.- 8 Vorticity.- 8.1 vorticity equation.- 8.2 coherent structures.- 8.3 enstrophy.- 8.4 the k- (e- ) model.- 8.5 second-order closure and algebraic stress models.- 8.6 large eddy simulation of turbulence.- 9 Correlation function and spectrum.- 9.1 time correlations.- 9.2 the spectrum.- 9.3 spatial correlations and spectra.- 9.4 the Taylor hypothesis.- 9.5 scaling of turbulence spectra.- 9.6 isotropic turbulence.- 10 Turbulent diffusion.- 10.1 statistical approach.- 10.2 the diffusion equation.- 10.3 inertial transport.- A Equations of motion.- B Special topics.- B.1 Monin-Obukhov similarity.- B.2 rapid distortion theory.- B.3 aeroacoustics.- B.4 rotating turbulence (by Herman Clercx).- B.5 drag reduction by polymer additives.- Bibliography.- Index.  ... Mehr